If there's anything I've read numerous occasions, it's that physicists (by association astronomers), love symmetry. And there's lots of symmetry about within the natural world. Absolutely not all character is shaped, like the second 'law' of thermodynamics (time's arrow). However, that 'law' is actually merely a conjecture of options. Therefore, it's not just a universal physical 'law' whatsoever (IMHO). Should you wait lengthy enough (underneath the guise that 'everything not forbidden is compulsory') that 'law' is going to be damaged. For instance, mister the cream to your black coffee, and eventually (most likely much, much, later) stated cream mixed into stated coffee will separate to one for reds departing, however briefly, black coffee on the other hand.
Symmetry within the physical sciences has already established past making effective forecasts. For instance, observed symmetry inside the three families/decades from the fundamental contaminants enabled the conjecture of the presence of some missing theoretical contaminants that would need to fall within to be able to result in the symmetry emerge right. Naturally, these theoretical contaminants put together, just right where symmetry predicted.
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A far more familiar example may be the Periodic Table from the Elements. Once the overall order or symmetry from the chemical elements was recognized, it had been further recognized that there have been gaps - undiscovered elements. Obviously it found pass that many of these predicted elements, needed to exist to be able to save the symmetry, were eventually discovered.
Another example was the conjecture from the positron - antimatter's shaped same as the electron - way prior to being the positron was really detected.
So, I am likely to play just a little bet on predicting things according to symmetry!
Like a beginning point, all of us can agree our World consists of regular (baryonic) matter - electrons, protons (composed of quarks), neutrons (made up of quarks again), etc.
There's some symmetry here, since it is also well-known there can exist regular (baryonic) antimatter - positrons rather than electrons anti-quarks rather than quarks, etc.
In the event that were that, all could be well. However, another type of matter has been seen as within our World that passes the saying 'dark matter'. Astronomers have verified that 'dark matter', apparently, should be non-baryonic in character, and nobody really includes a solid clue regarding precisely what 'dark matter' really is, apart from it isn't electrons, protons, neutrons, positrons, anti-quarks, etc.
But that breaks our nice symmetry of baryonic matter and baryonic antimatter on one for reds, and non-baryonic 'dark matter' alternatively. To revive symmetry, we must have non-baryonic 'anti-dark matter' too. That awaits discovery (whether it is available) and therefore I call the to begin our undiscovered types of matter.
The main one factor that both regular baryonic matter (and regular baryonic antimatter) have, in addition to non-baryonic 'dark matter' (and most probably its antimatter counterpart), is they all have qualities of positive gravitational attraction. A 'dark matter' planet would orbit a 'dark matter' star much like Earth orbits the sun's rays (presuming 'dark matter' is the kind of matter that may really form macro objects like planets and stars).
Symmetry has been discovered to become maintained now if this arrived at gravity. Relatively lately (1990's), astronomers discovered a brand new type of energy that has been known as 'dark energy'* (although 'dark matter' and 'dark energy' most likely don't have any real connection aside from the label 'dark' - 'dark' because we can not directly 'see' either). That 'dark energy' isn't a tugging pressure like gravity, but a pushing pressure that's leading to the development rate in our World to accelerate (when everybody expected traditional easy gravity to slow the development rate lower). Converted, 'dark energy' is, for those practical reasons, antigravity.
But oops, 'dark energy' apparently breaks symmetry using the matter element of our World. Based on Einstein, energy and mass are but two sides of the identical gold coin (E equals M C squared). A small little bit of regular mass (or matter) will get transformed into regular energy say whenever you burn a sheet of paper a larger area of regular mass (or matter) will get transformed into regular energy in say, a nuclear explosion and 100% of 'ordinary' mass (or matter) will get transformed into regular energy when regular mass (or matter) meets regular antimatter mass. And, the opposite can be done - M equals E divided by C squared).
Now I suppose that 'dark energy' is real energy since the energy to accelerate the development from the World. I further think that 'dark energy' is really as following of Einstein's equation just like any other type of one's. So, what type of mass (or matter) could be converted via Einstein's famous formula to 'dark energy'? Or, what type of mass (or matter) will 'dark energy' become within the reversible situation? Does 'dark energy' become 'dark matter' (or dark mass within this situation) - (most likely no connection) or regular mass (or matter) - (highly unlikely) as well as other type of mass (or matter) - (maybe 'doesn't matter')?
You'll note I am really while using relation to mass and matter interchangeably, although Einstein's famous equation has M = mass. However, IMHO, you cannot have mass-less matter all matter has mass, and when you will get an excessive amount of mass (or matter) you use a diet!
Here' goes from the deep speculative finish, and suggest, with regard to symmetry, that simply as three known (and most likely four) types of matter produce positive (tugging) gravity, also should four types of matter be connected with negative (pushing) 'gravity', or antigravity, now generally known as 'dark energy'.
Beyond that statement I am not able to wax lyrical - possibly theoretical particle physicists (and kin) might have the ability to develop exotic candidates. I am talking about particle physicists not just love symmetry, but they are well in to the theory of super-symmetry (SUSY) to be part of the mission to discover a unification of all of the known forces in character. Additionally to SUSY, toss in facets of string or superstring theory, and/or M-Theory, and/or extra and hidden dimensions who have a effect on things, and you never know what kind of impossible things they (theoretical particle physicists) can develop for all of us to think in before breakfast!
So, four types of matter (all shaped - two baryonic two non-baryonic two positive two anti) produce positive gravity four types of other kinds of exotic matter (all shaped in like parallels) are connected with 'dark energy' and gravity and 'dark energy' will also be such as the yin and yang. Symmetry rules, O.K.?
Obviously, for those practical reasons, not every eight forms will really exist - a minimum of not in almost any significant amounts. There's little, for instance, regular (baryonic) antimatter about (this is a mystery by itself) and most likely little if any non-baryonic 'anti dark matter'. Relative amounts aren't the purpose, rather the concept that Nature has each one of these types of matter potentially up Her sleeve.
Additionally to 'dark energy' possibly being an indication of additional types of matter, I strongly suspect that 'dark energy' suggests the presence of a fifth pressure within our World. Recall the four known forces are 1) gravity 2) electromagnetism 3) the strong nuclear, and 4) the weak nuclear pressure. The strong and weak nuclear forces work on way too short a distance scale (atomic measures) for with the idea to take into account 'dark energy'. 'Dark energy' rarely is in electromagnetic in character - otherwise it can't be 'dark' (photons anybody?). 'Dark energy' could not be because of attractive gravity since 'dark energy' is repulsive gravity or antigravity. The particle that's assumed to share the gravitational pressure is known as a 'graviton'. Possibly there's this type of factor being an anti-graviton particle, however we've not even trapped a graviton yet - will still be a beastie within the crypto-zoology arena of theoretical particle physics, so an anti-graviton is heaping speculation on another speculation and for that reason most likely to not helpful at concept at this time anyway. The point is, up to now, we simply are conscious of anti-contaminants for that matter contaminants (electrons, protons, etc.) not the pressure transporting contaminants, so an anti-graviton is indeed a Twilight Zone concept within the present.
Anyway, if a person assumes that no known forces can take into account 'dark energy', then your unification of physics, the Ultimate Goal 'theory of everything' has become near infinitely more difficult! If this involves a 'theory of everything', one should have the jigsaw puzzle pieces contained in this area before you put it together right into a unified whole. Possibly the ever constant failure of physicists to develop a viable 'theory of everything' is suggestive that people don't - up to now- have the jigsaw puzzle pieces. Anyway, all this seems like a great position for observational cosmologists and theoretical particle physicists to possess a serious chinwag over several models of drinks arrive at terms (if at all possible) using the elusive elements - extra types of matter and/or of forces.
*Though I've recommended, rather light-heartedly, the alternative term 'Upsidaisium' following the 'Rocky and Bullwinkle' cartoon serial which featured this antigravity metal like a more colorful term for 'dark energy'. It's most likely far too little past too far however to locate an alternate reputation for 'dark energy' now.
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